In a recent discovery near the island of Capri, Italy, divers from the underwater operations unit of the Police of Naples successfully recovered a remarkable artifact: an 8kg block of obsidian from the wreck of a Neolithic ship, dating back to approximately 7000-2000 BC. This find sheds light on ancient maritime trade and the use of obsidian for toolmaking during the Neolithic period.
The natural glass stone block, equivalent in size to a large book, was retrieved from the seabed at a depth of 30-40 meters on November 20. Notably, the surface of the block bears distinct chisel marks, leading archaeologists to believe it is an obsidian core—an essential component for crafting sharp tools used in piercing and cutting.
Teams of divers recovered an obsidian block from the seabed, near the island of Capri, Italy. Photo: Naples Superintendency for Archeology, Fine Arts and Landscape
The Neolithic shipwreck was discovered earlier this year, with the precise location kept confidential to safeguard the site from potential looting. Divers announced the find in October, unveiling the obsidian core as the first artifact salvaged from the wreck. Archaeologists anticipate discovering more similar rocks in the vicinity as their exploration continues.
Experts propose that the obsidian block was part of the cargo carried by a Neolithic-era cargo ship, operating over 5,000 years ago. Unfortunately, the ship’s wooden structure has likely decomposed over time, making it challenging to locate. The wreck’s depth adds complexity to the archaeological research and salvage efforts.
The obsidian block can be the “core” to create pieces with sharp edges, used as piercing and cutting tools. Photo: Naples Superintendency for Archeology, Fine Arts and Landscape
Obsidian, also known as volcanic glass, is formed from cooled lava and is renowned for its ability to break into pieces with sharp edges. Ancient civilizations frequently utilized obsidian for crafting piercing and cutting tools. Despite uncertainty about the specific origin of the obsidian block, several volcanic islands in the Mediterranean, such as Palmarola and Lipari, are known for obsidian deposits. Marine archaeologist Sean Kingsley suggests the obsidian might have been used for trade or in the creation of ritual objects, similar to those found in the Neolithic Grotta delle Felci cave on Capri.
The significance of this discovery extends beyond the material itself, offering insights into the advanced maritime capabilities of Neolithic people. While the evidence indicates a knowledge of sea transportation, it is premature to conclude that the means of transport was a sophisticated cargo ship. Considering the Neolithic period’s technological level, the vessel might have been a simple raft rather than resembling contemporary ships and boats.
The obsidian block is currently undergoing preservation in Naples and will soon undergo cleaning, examination, and conservation. As this exploration unfolds, it promises to unveil more mysteries of ancient seafaring and the valuable role obsidian played in the development of tools and trade during the Neolithic era.